My Country Nepal

Map of Nepal

         My country is a landlocked country in the world. It is situated in South Asia. Its total area is 1,47,181 sq.km. Nepal is a small country between two large countries of Asia. India and China. India surrounded Nepal in the east, South and west. Tibet, an autonomous region of China lies to north of Nep-al. The average length of Nepal from east to west is 885 km and average breadth from north to south is 193 km. Nepal is a common home of people of different communities. Their customs, religions and language are different. In Nepal there is unity in diversity. For administrative and development purpose. Nepal is divided in village development committees, municipalities, districts, zones, and development region. These are all its politics divisions.

        Currently there are 391s VDC, 58 municipalities including metropolitan city and 4 sub-metropolitan cities, 75 districts 14 zones and 5 developments region in Nepal.

          Nepal is a small and beautiful country. There are a lot of natural things. It also the land of Everest and Buddha. It is a multi religion and multi cultural country Nepal is rich in natural resources. There are tall mountains cover with snow, long river and deep green forest. In water resource it is second richest country in the world there are also many famous lakes in Nepal. There are wild animals reserves and national park with different birds rear animas and beautiful sense. The beauty of our country attracts many tourist. When tourist visit our country our national income will be improve. The area many pilgrims place.

Geographical Situation

           According to geographical situation Nepal are divided in three parts Terai, Mountain and Himalayan. There are many Himalayan peaks such as mount Everest, Dhawalagiri, Annapurna, Machhapuchhre, Makalu etc. are the most famous Himalayan. There are so many rivers are flows from up to down. Some important river are kaligandaki, Trishuli, Marsyangdi, Bagmati, Saptakoshi, Sathi, Mahakali, Karnali, Saptakoshi etc. Where water flows 12 months in a year.

          Clmate is various from place to place. It is not in summer and very cold in winter season in Tarai. warm and cold in mountain area and very cold and dry in Himalayas. The snow always covered the himal so that it was very attractive. There is a deep green forest in terai. Decidous forest and forest in mountain area. There are different types of animals live in different part of the country.

Agriculture as a Main Occupation of Nepal

            Nepal is an agricultural country. More than Eighty one percent of the total population of the Nepal depends on agricultural for sustenance. Agricuture provides us fresh food. It is an important sources of natural income. Mostly industries of Nepal has based on agriculture. Physically Nepal has three divisions. Himalays, Hills and Terai. Due to difference type of sole, climate and rainfall agricultural produces various from regain to region. There are two kinds of crops in Nepal. Food crops and cush crops. Food crops are the crops which are use for food. e.g. paddy, maize, wheat, barly, millect etc. are the food crops. Cash crops are those crops which we grow for sale to make money. eg. sugarcane, jute, tobacco, oilseeds, potato, tea, coffee, cotton etc. are the cash crops which improve our national income.

          The development of agriculture uplift the life standard of people. In Nepal agriculture has provided job for the most of the Nepales. It helps the Nepales to earn a money and improve their livelihood. Agriculture provides the raw materials for industry. So agriculture is a foundamental factors of industry.

But Nepal faced different types of problems reference of the agriculture development. The most serious and complex lopment. The most serious and complex problem is that almost Nepales farmers are unducated and have not resorted. There to modern method of farming. There is no new kind of manure and soil improvement. technical. They use the ancient plough and oxen to plough their field. New and improved seeds are available but our farmers are anaware of such development. So they using the old type of seeds and methods. The irrigational facilities also are poor so the crops fail. When there is a lack of rainfall. Development of facility for irrigation, better seeds, fertilizer, agricultural loan, increase in transport facility are very much significance for the development of agriculture.

Industry in Nepal

            Production of goods on small and large scare by use of skill and means is called industry. Industry may be small scale, cattage, medium or large scale. An industry required (desired) raw materials skilled man power, labours, capital, facility of transport and communication, marketing and machinery. Industry make the country self-reliant. In a developing country like Nepal development of industry is very important for the development of nation. In Nepal there is lot of probably to develop the industry. In industry give the priority for raw materials. In Nepal which are provide by agricultural. In Nepal there is lot of probably to develop. Industry which is based on agriculture. But in Nepal industries are developing at a slow speed. The per revisites (needs) for the development of industries have not been developed. Properly. Due to the laced of necessary requisites raw materials and other facilities Nepal has not been able to progress. In industries as it. Should have.

            In Nepal development of industry still in an infant stage. The good which are product from Nepali industry have not been able to compete with foreign product. Nepal industry suffering from the different kinds of problem. There is lack of required capital, skilled man power required raw material, technical knowledge, transport faculties, marketing and political unstability are the abstances factors of development of industries.

            Beide this some Nepales people are involved in bisuness. In Nepal there is two kinds of trade Internew and external trade. Bying and selling of goods in different part of the country is called. Internal trade e.g. food grain product in the terai and sopply to the different part of country is called internal trade. External trade is a trade that bying and selling goods from one country to other country is called external country. External helps us to earn foreign currency. Nepal sell differenced goods to other country which is based on agricultural and raw materials. Developing nations like Nepal usually export low cost products such as coffee, sujgar and raw materials, whereas developed countries export car, instrument etc. which are expensive and help earn more foreign currency. Nepals internationals trade is poor. They export a low cost materials Nepalese products cannot complete to the foreign products.

Education

           Education is regarded as one of the greatest qualities of man. It raise man above from the animals. It is said that a man without education is an animal without tail. Education is the source of happiness. It make our life bright from the education man became cleaver. It is necessary to develop the country. If the citizens of a country are uneducated it is difficult to develop country. They cannot understand what their duty towards the nations.



History of Education in Nepal

          In the past, education was givan orally. The head person of the house touch their small member about his occupation and rules and regulations at the community. In the past there is a 'Gurukul' system of education. In the past the education was limited to the Brahmins and chhetris Only. The educations was given in the ashram. Those who helped the king in administration also received education. In past the book was written in sanskirit, Newari and Maithille lavgvage.

        Morden education was begain by Prime minister Jung Bahadur Rana. He brought English School at Thapathali Palace in 1910 B.S. In that school only thir children were read. When Bir shumsher became prime minister of Nepla, he permitted general people to receive education at durbar School. Prime Minister Dev Shumsher do great contribution to Education to Nepal. he founded (made) hundred language prime minister Chandra shumsher set up Tri-Chandra Collage in 1975 B.S. in kathmandu It was the first collage in Nepal Prime Minster Juddha Shumsher made remarkable contribution in the field or Eduction Basic school were established and since women education was started. In 1990 S.L.C Borad was established in Before 2007 B.S only two percent of the population of the country literate.

            With the advent (coming) to democracy in 2007 B.S. and educational wave swept all over the country. Many school were establish by the government and public. In 2016 B.S Tribhuvan University was established. Schools and collages were founded (made) at random. In 2028 Bs. National Education system plan was implemented. Late kng Birendra declared that the primary eduction was free from 2031 B.S. In 2041 B.S the late king Birendra announce that the distribution of textbook was free of cost.

          In the present there are at of schools and collages. Some school are made by government and some school are made by publis. IN the school they are so many facilities than the past. Students use the English median for the study. Students takes participation on extra curcullam. The morcler computer educations are given to the students. In the schools and collage there a facilities of morden library hostle. There is a facilities of high school. The students do competation each is more improve than the past education.

Rivers in Nepal

          Nepal is a beautiful landlocked country in the world. Nepal is rich in anturla resources. The beauty of natural resources in water resources. It takes the second position in water resources in the world. River Begins to flow from mountain. They flow through mountains, rocks and plain lands. At last they fall some other rivers Rain Water and melting snow I the main source of river.

         There are many deep and big rivers in Nepal. In Nepal there are more than 6000 rivers. They are mainly dependent or rain water most of them rise form the himalaya or high mountains Gandaki, Koshi, Kranali, Trishuli, sunkoshi, naryani, seti ect. are main and big river in Nepal so we can rich in water resource we can get to good income from these rivers. But only the little part of water is in proper use. Most of the water flows down uselessly. In Nepal rivers can play a great of vital role for development of the country. It can use to produce a Electricity. Nepal has a potential 83 thousand megawatts of electricity. But we have not able to genevate (produce) even I percent of the total capacity. In Nepal electricity we first product in pharping in 1965 B.S. It was limited to kathamndu valley only.

            The other important of river is that they supply drinking water Drinking water is baste need of life for every creature. In the past people use drinking water from wells, ponds, rivers ect. In kathmandu the first time pipe water made by prime minister Bir shumsher. Nows days Drinking water corporation supplying drinking water in different part of Nepal. Even but drinking water problem have not ended.

           Anther important aspect of river is irrigation. It is fundal mantal need of farmer. If there is no facility of water for irrigation we can produce the crops.

Gosankunda lake

        Nepla is rich in natural resource. In Nepal there are many lakes. Gosainkunda lake is one lake among them. It is surrounded by high mountains on the northen an eastern sides, the lake is very much attractive.

       It is located about 150 kilometers north of kathmandu in Rasuwan district at an elevation of 4380 meters. The langtang Napional park keeps. Gosainkunda in its lab.

       According to Hindu legend the lake was created by lorc Shiva when he throsh his Trishula in to mountain to extract water so that he could cool his stinging threat after he had swallowed poison. There is a large rock in the centre of the lake, which is said to be the remains of a shiva's pillows.

Panauti Jatra

Panauti Jatra

          Panauti Jatra one festival of Nepal panauti jatra is a combination of the palanquin and chariot festivals. It is a nine days festivals which starts on the 10th days of the birght forthright of jestha and ends on the third day of the dark forth night in Ashad.

         Panauti, is a name of a place which is located 30 kilometers southeast of kathmandu. It is a halest town of Nepal. The haly rivr Roshi and punyamati flow on both side of this town.

      Panuti jatra is unique in the sense that loard. Mahadev one of the Hindu Trinity who dose not accept the blood of animal The jatra starts with Hindu priests, per sorming rituals to the tratric gods and goddess.

Bhoto Jatra Festival in Nepal

            Bhoto jatra is a festival of Nepal. As part of the Rato Machhindranath jatra in Lalitpur the ceremony of showing 'Bhoto' is celebrate at the end of month long festival in Jawalakhel.this ceremony is known as 'Bhoto jatra'. The charlot of the Rato machhindranath is taken to jawalakhel from thati tole of lagankhal ofter th ceremony of throwing a coconut. The bhot is shown thrice of public in the presence of godless kumari. The ceremony is also attended by the head of the state.

             According to yahya Ratha. Shakya's one of the prisests of the machhindranath temple at bungamati of patan, aghost stole the vest. Despite a lat of endeavor the farmer could not track down his valuble asset. During the Rato machhindrantha, the famer spotted the ghost in his precious vest. It is belived that gods ghost and spirits along with human beings gathered in patan to with ness the jatra and participated in the procession of drawing the chariot.

Cast system in Nepal Society

               Nepal is a unity in diversity. It is multy cast, multy culture moulty religion country. The cast system in this is as rigid as the Hindu religion. It was the man who divided the varrius group of people in different cast and sub cast. The Hindu in Nepal have divided the society into four main castes. They are Brahmins, chhatri vaishya and sudras. The Brahmins regardelas a highest cast. It were suppose to be the learned of all caste. Chhatri were the warrior castes. They involve in army. They vaishyas were the working class or and also the business class and look after economic sudras were the lowest castes and worked as cleaners and scavengers.

           In Nepali society there was a vast discrimination between different cast. The upper caste people dominate the low caste people. The lower caste people are not allowed to enter the higher cast people. They have been prevented from entering places of worship like temple which is really sad.

People have tried to break the shacldes of the caste system in Nepal many times and most to them have failed. Though the constitution of Nepal has provisions to protect the low caste people.

The Social Status of Nepalese women.

                   The social status of Nepalese women was very poor from ancient fires. They were considered second class. They are illiterate and unculural. The Hindu religion has really undermined the position on Nepalese women. Religion has played a clominat role in Neplales society from the ancient time. The Hindu society as a whole is maintain double stanclers to words women. The position of women has been different in ideacagy where by women have been given higher posts and have been regareled as shakti But in actual practice they are not at all nono ured as they should have been.

                   In the rual area women conditions are poor than the town area. Women are not allowed to got to school for education. They are not allowed to go away from their house. After the marriage they go their husband house. There is no equal between boys and girls. They thought women as a second class.

                     In 1950 the palatial revolution brought about a major change in position of women in Nepal. They were given political rights. Like male they were given the right to separate and seek for divorce. Nepalese women should also be conscious at their rights, which has been protected and legalized under the constitution of the kingdom of Nepal. The Nepalese women should be able to play a major role in the develop the country.

literacy biggest problem of Nepal

                  Nepal is a developing country. There are many problem. Among them one of the major problem is that I ill teary it is the biggest social problem of Nepal. More the 40% people are illiterate in Nepal. The illiterate is increasing day by day in Nepal. It affect to develop the country. In this case ruel areas women are seviously affected. There is a big link between Illitevacy poverty and development.

                 Many developing countries have been trying to expanel. Primary education but due to financial and others social problems, this has not been very success ful. There is a issue of corruption too. There is a lack of enough money for teachers, educational. Materieds and other things.

                  This is one of the biggest problem of Nepal. The policy makers should go to the remote areas and evaluate the problems them selves instead of sitting in their office in kathmandu and made a policy for education. So, our government get success to develop the education in remote area. In some case parents should not sent their children to the school for education in stead this they send the children to the work. In some case there is a lack of enough capital for education.

Students and polities in Nepal

              Now days there are lots of students who takes part in polities. These students take part in polities for unions reasons some students take part in the polities for moment but some students are also. Become member of many political parties. Different people discvssecl in various ways about students and politics. Some people think that they should not take part in politics while. Others think that they should. In the context of Nepal students started participating in politics mainly after the dawn of clemocracy. Students are youn and full of activity, powerful and determinate. Students going the political party in large numbers

              There is a lot of disadvantage when students join politics. They lose a good amount of important, when this time could have been utilized for their study. They lose a lot of energy. By taking part in politics, students. Short misbenaving in collage. As a result they form collage, unions. Besides these there some certain advantage for the students who take part in politics. Many impressive leader of the party were known to have been very good ortors in their collage days. They develop qualities of leadership. To establish the demo cracy it becomes essential for students to know the news about their country's polity. This gives them five training in their collage days.

                    We come to conclusion that students should go away from taking part in politics. The most important things is that they weast their time for study.

Main Religions of Nepal

            Nepal is a multi-cast, religion and cultural country. Different casts of people have their own language, customs, norms values and festivals. They celebrate their festivals in their own way. They have their own life style. They respects each others customs, norms and value.

           Our constitution has decleared Nepal as a secular (not basen on religion) country. There is no discrimination between different religion. All religion are an equal no greater or smaller. They have the same respect from the centeral government. Even but Nepal is a multi religions country. The Nepalese people celebrate different religion. Some major religions are follows:

Hinduism

Hinduism is a main religion of Nepal. The time f it origins is unknown. Nepalese scholar are unknown when did it was origin. There are lot of holi-books written about Hinduism. The oldest book are the Vedas. Upanishad, Rahaman, Mahabharat, Bhagwat Geeta etc. are the other important holibooks.




Buddhism

Buddha is also a major religion. In Nepal also some people embrance the B uddh8ism Siddhartha Gautam founded this religion. He left his wife, son and palace and went out in search of truth. After a wandering he went to Gaya and underwent several penance (servious). One night while Meditation under a tree he was enlightened and since than he was called Buddha. He pearched his religion Buddhism. Then the religion spread in different country. The holi book of Buddhism is Tripatic. The Buddhosts pray in the mohasterics. In Nepal some people are involved in Buddhism. They going to monasteries in the morning and pray. They have own life style. They obtain the Buddhism rule and regulation.



Islam

Islam was founded by Mohammed. He was great reformer. Mohammed begain to preach. The world of God. The followers of Islam do not worship any idols. They offer namaz in the masques. They observe a Raza. They do not eat in the day eat only evenng for one month during the month of Ramzan. They called God 'Allah' and pray in mosaus.

Christianity

Christianity is a major religion of the world. In Nepal of people involved in the Christians religion. In the presents the number of people who ascept the christen is increase day by day than the past. Christianity was preforme by protagonist Jesus Christ. He was very kind and profoundly shocked to see the suffering of people. The Bible is the Holy book of Christians.

Beside these religion they are other religion people are live in Nepal. They have their own file style. The celebrate their festivals in their own way. So Nepal is a multi-religions country.

Transport of Nepal


Transportation is an important infrastructure to development. In carres goods nad people from one place to another. It is fundamental factors to develop the country as well as industry, agriculture.

In Nepal there is not well developed of Transport. It is because most part of Nepal are full of rugged mountains and valleys. In Nepal there is lack of technical knowledge for the Nepalese. Lack of enough capital, lack of knowledge, lack of skill man power, lack of machrnerary instruments, geographical problems are main abstacles of to developed the transportation. The chief mode of transport in Nepal road transport. But it is difficult to developed the road transport every part of country. Only in the citizen and Terai are is develop the road way. They are three types of surface in Nepal. They are farred road, graveled and earth road. In the mountain and puel area it is difficult to develop the road way because most part of Nepal is full of rugged rocks and mountain.

Some important road which is developed in Nepa are fallows. Madan Bhandari High way from Dharan to Dhankota is 50 km. Tribhuvan High way from Kathamdnu to kaxul is 192km. East west High Way from Kakaravitta to Mahendranagar is 1034 km. Araniko High way from Kathmandu to Kodri is 114km. Siddhartha High way from sunauli to pokhara is 180km. Prithivi High from Naubise to pokhara is 178 km. Bhimdutta High from Dhangali to Dadeldhura. is 13 km etc are main high way of Nepal



Airway

Aeroplane

Air transport is the quickest and the most comfortable as wellas most expensive means of transport in Nepal it comes nest the road transport in transport service. On 2006 B.S from the first time, the aeroplane lancled in kathmandu but civilaviation was starteclin 2008 B.S. Then the Royal Nepal Airlines corporation was established. In present in Nepal there are both domestic and international air service. There are five Ariports in Nepal. Nepal has directs airlinks. Some foreign country.



Railways

Rail

A train journey is cheaper than a plane journey. But the train service is difficult in Nepal as there are Mountains, and valleys. The first Railways was started in Nepal in 1985 B.S. from Amlekhgunj to Raxuaul in India. It was called Nepal Government Railway. The route was so km long. But now if has been stopped. Another railway that still exists is from janakpur to jayanagar. It was established in 1992 B.S. It become very poor and needs to much improvements.



Cable car

Cable car

Cable Car is run fro m kurintar to Man kamana and it is only 3.2 km long. It is made by private compare. Cable car needs elevtricity.



Rope Way

Rope way

                 Rope way can be the best suited system of transport in the hilly and mountain regains in Nepal. The first Rope way 22.5 km from Bhovsing to matativta was build in 2021 B.S from Hetaudo to Kathamndu. now it is stopped.



Traditional means to transportation

In the place where all the facilities of modern transportation have not reached people use horse, donkeys, yaks etc as the mans of transport. These are use in hill mountain ruel area.